Wood-Framed Home Share Increased in 2024

2025-08-27T08:27:12-05:00

Wood framing continues to dominate the U.S. single-family home construction market, according to NAHB analysis of 2024 Census Bureau data. In 2024, wood framing accounted for 94% of all completed single-family homes, reinforcing its position as the leading construction method. Concrete-framed homes represented 5% of completions, while steel-framed homes remained relatively rare, comprising less than half a percent of the market. On a count basis, approximately 959,000 wood-framed homes were completed in 2024. This was a 3% increase compared to the 2023 total. This growth also marked a rebound in market share, with wood-framed market share rising from 93% in 2023 to 94% in 2024. Steel-framed homes, while still uncommon, experienced notable growth. About 4,000 steel-framed homes were completed in 2024, representing a 33% increase from the previous year. Meanwhile, concrete-framed homes saw a decline. Their market share decreased from 7% in 2023 to 5% in 2024. On a count basis, 55,000 concrete-framed homes were completed in 2024, a 15% decrease compared to the prior year. Non-wood based framing methods are primarily concentrated in the South due to residential resiliency requirements. In 2024, concrete-framed homes made up 9% of all single-family home completions in the South. Additionally, nearly 95% of all steel-framed homes completed in 2024 were built in the South, highlighting the region’s distinct building trends. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Wood-Framed Home Share Increased in 20242025-08-27T08:27:12-05:00

Multifamily Missing Middle Trends

2025-08-25T12:14:48-05:00

The missing middle construction sector includes development of medium-density housing, such as townhouses, duplexes and other small multifamily properties. The multifamily segment of the missing middle (apartments in 2- to 4-unit properties) has generally disappointed since the Great Recession. For the second quarter of 2025, there were 5,000 2- to 4-unit housing unit construction starts. This represents a small increase relative to the second quarter of 2024. Over the last four quarters this type of construction totaled 21,000 units, up 50% over the four quarters prior to that period (14,000). As a share of all multifamily production, 2- to 4-unit development was just 4% of total multifamily development for the second quarter. This remains lower than recent historic trends. From 2000 to 2010, such home construction made up a little less than 11% of total multifamily construction. Construction of the missing middle has clearly lagged during the post-Great Recession period and will continue to do so without zoning reform focused on light-touch density. But recent gains offer hope for additional housing supply for these kind of homes. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Multifamily Missing Middle Trends2025-08-25T12:14:48-05:00

Multifamily Built-for-Rent Share

2025-08-25T08:15:28-05:00

According to NAHB analysis of quarterly Census data, the count of multifamily, for-rent housing starts increased during the second quarter of 2025. For the quarter, 109,000 multifamily residences started construction. Of this total, 102,000 were built-for-rent. This built-for-rent total was 21% higher than the second quarter of 2024. The market share of rental units of multifamily construction starts was 94% for the second quarter. A historical low market share of 47% for bult-for-rent multifamily construction was set during the third quarter of 2005, during the condo building boom. An average share of 80% was registered during the 1980-2002 period. For the second quarter, there were 7,000 multifamily condo unit construction starts, an increase from a year ago. An elevated rental share of multifamily construction is holding typical apartment size below levels seen during the pre-Great Recession period. However, according to the second quarter 2025 data, the average square footage of multifamily construction starts increased to 1,077 square feet. The median increased to 1,092 square feet. Multifamily unit size is tending higher as the market captures priced-out buyers from the single-family for-sale market. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Multifamily Built-for-Rent Share2025-08-25T08:15:28-05:00

Single-Family Home Size: 2Q25 Data

2025-08-22T12:19:51-05:00

An expected impact of the virus crisis was a need for more residential space, as people used homes for more purposes including work. Home size correspondingly increased in 2021 as interest rates reached historic lows. However, as interest rates increased in 2022 and 2023, and housing affordability worsened, the demand for home size has trended lower. According to second quarter 2025 data from the Census Quarterly Starts and Completions by Purpose and Design and NAHB analysis, median single-family square floor area was 2,125 square feet, a decline from the start of the year. Average (mean) square footage for new single-family homes registered at 2,364 square feet. The average size of a new single-family home, on a one-year moving average basis, was flat at 2,386 square feet, while the median size declined to 2,162 square feet. Home size increased from 2009 to 2015 as entry-level new construction lost market share. Home size declined between 2016 and 2020 as more starter homes were developed. After a brief increase during the post-COVID building boom, home size has trended lower due to declining affordability conditions. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Single-Family Home Size: 2Q25 Data2025-08-22T12:19:51-05:00

June Single-Family Permits Slumps, Multifamily Gains

2025-08-15T09:17:49-05:00

Single-family housing permits continued a downhill trend for the sixth month in a row. The continuous decline in single-family permits highlights persistently weak housing demand, tied to affordability challenges like high mortgage rates. Builders appear cautious amid economic uncertainty, labor constraints, and rising inventories. The uptick in multi-family permits suggests a potentially stabilizing trend, though it’s important to note its volatility. The housing market’s mixed signals—weak single-family coupled with some resilience in multi-family—could mean continued drag on residential investment and the broader economy this year. Over the first six months of 2025, the total number of single-family permits issued year-to-date (YTD) nationwide reached 485,935. On a year-over-year (YoY) basis, this is a decline of 5.6% over the June 2024 level of 514,728. For multifamily, the total number of permits issued nationwide reached 244,812. This is 2.9% higher compared to the June 2024 level of 237,935. Year-to-date ending in June, single-family permits were up in one out of the four regions. The Midwest posted a small increase of 1.8%. The Northeast was 1.7% lower, the South was down by 6.5%, and the West was down by 8.1% in single-family permits during this time. For multifamily permits, three out of the four regions posted increases. The Midwest was up by 22.4%, the West was up by 8.0%, and the South was up by 7.1%, Meanwhile, the Northeast declined steeply by 30.0%, driven by the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ MSA which declined by 40.0%. Between June 2025 YTD and June 2024 YTD, 15 states posted an increase in single-family permits. The range of increases spanned 19.9% in Hawaii to 0.2% in Kentucky. The remaining 35 states and the District of Columbia reported declines in single-family permits with the District of Columbia reporting the steepest decline of 24.2%. The ten states issuing the highest number of single-family permits combined accounted for 63.0% of the total single-family permits issued. Texas, the state with the highest number of single-family permits, issued 78,104 permits over the first six months of 2025; this is a decline of 8.0% compared to the same period last year. The second highest state, Florida, decreased by 10.6%, while the third highest, North Carolina, posted a decline of 0.9%. Between June 2025 YTD and June 2024 YTD, 29 states recorded growth in multifamily permits, while 21 states and the District of Columbia recorded a decline. Iowa (+165.5%) led the way with a sharp rise in multifamily permits from 1,178 to 3,128, while Alabama had the largest decline of 49.6% from 1,788 to 901. The ten states issuing the highest number of multifamily permits combined accounted for 61.8% of the multifamily permits issued. Over the first six months of 2025, Florida, the state with the highest number of multifamily permits issued, experienced an increase of 25.0%. Texas, the second-highest state in multifamily permits, saw an increase of 14.1%. California, the third largest multifamily issuing state, increased by 11.5%. At the local level, below are the top ten metro areas that issued the highest number of single-family permits. For multifamily permits, below are the top ten local areas that issued the highest number of permits. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

June Single-Family Permits Slumps, Multifamily Gains2025-08-15T09:17:49-05:00

Market Share for Modular and Other Non-Site Built Housing in 2024

2025-08-11T09:17:25-05:00

The total market share of non-site built single-family homes (modular and panelized) was just 3% of single-family homes in 2024, according to completion data from the Census Bureau Survey of Construction data and NAHB analysis. This is the same as the 3% share in 2023. This share has been steadily declining since the early-2000s despite the high-level of interest for non-site built construction. This low market share in fact runs counter to some media commentary on off-site construction suggesting recent gains. Nonetheless, there exists potential for market share gains in the years ahead due to the need to increase productivity in the residential construction sector. In 2024, there were 28,000 total single-family units built using modular (13,000) and panelized/pre-cut (15,000) construction methods, out of a total of 1,019,000 single-family homes completed. It is worth noting that the Census definitions of off-site construction are relatively narrow. In a separate survey, the Home Innovation Research Labs Survey of U.S. Home Builders has a higher share for panelized construction (5-12%) due to a wider definition of “panelized” construction. While the Census-measured market share is small, there exists potential for expansion. This 3% market share for 2024 represents a decline from years prior to the Great Recession. In 1998, 7% of single-family completions were modular (4%) or panelized (3%). This marked the largest share for the 1992-2024 period. One notable regional concentration is found in the Midwest and the Northeast. These two regions have the highest market share of homes built using non-site build methods. In the Midwest, 7% (8,000 homes) of the region’s 136,000 housing units were completed using these methods. In the Northeast, 5% (3,000 homes) of the region’s 66,000 housing units were completed using non-site build methods. However, numerically, the South continues to be the biggest market for this type of construction where 13,000 homes were built using non-site build methods. With respect to multifamily construction, approximately 3% of multifamily buildings (properties, not units) were built using modular and panelized methods. This is significantly lower than the 7% share in 2023 but on par with the average for the last 5 years. It is notable that modular construction method accounted for 2% of this share. In previous years it was only panelized construction methods that made up the higher share of non-site build methods in multifamily construction. Prior to last year, the highest levels of modular and panelized methods share in multifamily construction was in 2000 and 2011, where 5% of multifamily buildings were constructed with modular (1%) or panelized construction methods (4%). Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Market Share for Modular and Other Non-Site Built Housing in 20242025-08-11T09:17:25-05:00

Foundation Types in 2024: Slabs Continue to Rise, Crawl Spaces Decline

2025-08-08T14:16:32-05:00

In 2024, 73% of new single-family homes started were built on slab foundations, according to NAHB analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Construction (SOC). Although this was a modest year-over-year increase of 0.6 percentage points, it continues the upward trend in slab adoption, widening the gap between slabs and other foundation types. In comparison, basements (full or partial) accounted for 17% of new homes, while crawl spaces made up just 9.2%. Foundation type continues to follow regional climate patterns. In colder northern divisions, where foundations to extend below the frost line, basements are more common. In 2024, the majority of homes in New England (67.2%), West North Central (62.3%), East North Central (50.3%), and the Middle Atlantic (48.8%) were built with full or partial basements. Among these, East North Central (1,119 sq. ft.) and the Middle Atlantic (1,113 sq. ft.) had the largest average finished basement areas, both exceeding the national average of 1,112 sq. ft. West North Central followed with 940 sq. ft., and New England averaged 810 sq. ft. In contrast, warmer regions favor slab foundations for their affordability and efficiency. Nearly all new single-family homes in West South Central (97.9%), Pacific (89.9%), and South Atlantic (85.7%) divisions were built on slabs in 2024. The cost advantages of slabs have also led to increased adoption in some northern divisions – especially post-pandemic, as rising material costs and supply chain disruptions pushed builders to prioritize cost-effective construction methods. Crawl space foundations have seen a long-term decline. While East South Central and Pacific divisions have historically led in crawl space usage, both have experienced noticeable decreases, particularly the Pacific, which saw a sharp drop in the past decade. Interestingly, the Mountain division has seen a gradual rebound in crawl space use, now ranking second in crawl space share. Meanwhile, divisions such as East North Central, New England, and West South Central have consistently maintained shares of new homes started below 10%, reflecting persistent regional preferences. Notably, the West North Central division surpassed the 10% threshold in 2024 after several years of incremental growth, although it remains unclear whether this marks a lasting shift or a one-time fluctuation. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Foundation Types in 2024: Slabs Continue to Rise, Crawl Spaces Decline2025-08-08T14:16:32-05:00

June Private Residential Construction Spending Dips 

2025-08-01T12:16:06-05:00

Private residential construction spending fell by 0.7% in June, marking the sixth straight month of decreases. This decline was primarily driven by reduced spending on single-family construction. Compared to a year ago, total spending was down 6.2%, as the housing sector continues to navigate the economic uncertainty stemming from ongoing tariff concerns and elevated mortgage rates.  According to the latest U.S. Census Construction Spending data, single-family construction spending declined by 1.8% in June. This decrease aligns with the weak single-family starts in June and the third lowest reading of NAHB/Wells Fargo Housing Market Index (HMI) since 2012. Compared to a year ago, single-family construction spending decreased by 5.3%. Meanwhile, multifamily construction spending stayed flat for the month but continued to follow the downward trend that began in mid-2023. Compared to June 2024, multifamily spending was down 9.5%. Improvement spending (remodeling) was up 0.5% in June but was 6.1% lower on a year-over-year basis.   The NAHB construction spending index is shown in the graph below. The index illustrates how   spending on single-family construction has slowed since early 2024 under the pressure of elevated interest rates and concerns over building material tariffs. Multifamily construction spending growth has also slowed down after the peak in July 2023. Additionally, improvement spending has been weakening since the beginning of 2025. Meanwhile, spending on private nonresidential construction was down 4% over a year ago. The annual private nonresidential spending decrease was primarily driven by a $14.7 billion drop in the manufacturing category, followed by a $13.7 billion decrease in commercial construction spending. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

June Private Residential Construction Spending Dips 2025-08-01T12:16:06-05:00

Use of Private Water and Sewer Systems in New Single-Family Homes

2025-07-21T11:14:58-05:00

The share of new single-family homes built with individual septic systems declined slightly in 2024 compared to the previous year, while the share of homes served by private wells remained steady. According to NAHB’s analysis of the Census Bureau’s Survey of Construction (SOC), approximately 16% relied on individual septic systems, and 9% of new single-family homes started in 2024 were served by private wells. Nationally, the majority of new homes were connected to public water systems – including community or shared supplies/wells – while 9% were built with private wells. This national share held steady from the previous year, though regional differences were notable. In New England, where median lot sizes are more than three times the national average, 37% of new single-family homes relied on private wells, making it the division with the highest rate in the nation. The East North Central division followed with 27%, while the Middle Atlantic stood at 13%. The South Atlantic region also exceeded the national average, with 11% of new homes using private wells. In stark contrast, private wells were uncommon in the East South Central and West South Central divisions, each accounting for just 1% of new homes started. For sewage disposal, 84% of new single-family homes in 2024 were connected to public sewer systems, which include community or shared sewage/septic systems. The remaining 16% utilized individual septic systems, down slightly from 17% in the previous year. As with water sources, the usage of septic systems varied significantly by region. New England led the nation with 49% of new homes using individual septic systems. The East North Central (28%), East South Central (25%), and South Atlantic (22%) divisions also reported shares above the national average. In contrast, lower usage was recorded in the Mountain (9%) and West North Central (8%) divisions, while the Pacific and West South Central divisions had the smallest shares, at 7% and 5%, respectively. Compared to 2023, seven of the nine Census divisions experienced a decline in the use of individual septic systems with five of the divisions falling below the national average. New England and East North Central were the exceptions, recording increases of 11- and 5-percentage points, respectively, bringing their shares to 49% and 28% in 2024. However, these gains are not anomalies. In New England, the share had dipped to 38% in 2023, down from 46% in 2022. Similarly, East North Central’s share decreased from 27% in 2022 to 23% in 2023.     Zooming out, the share of new homes built with individual septic systems has generally been on a decline across most regions since 2010. This trend has been slightly more pronounced in the three divisions (New England, East South Central and East North Central) with historically higher usage. The South Atlantic division stands out as an exception. While its share ranged from 13% to 17% in the early 2010s, it has steadily increased in recent years, and now exceeds 20%. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Use of Private Water and Sewer Systems in New Single-Family Homes2025-07-21T11:14:58-05:00

Single-Family Starts Weaken in June as Affordability Challenges Persist

2025-07-18T08:23:20-05:00

Single-family housing starts declined in June to the lowest rate since July 2024 as elevated interest rates, rising inventories and ongoing supply-side issues continue to act as headwinds for the housing sector. Due to a solid increase in multifamily production, overall housing starts increased 4.6% in June to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 1.32 million units, according to a report from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Census Bureau. The June reading of 1.32 million starts is the number of housing units builders would begin if development kept this pace for the next 12 months. Within this overall number, single-family starts decreased 4.6% to an 883,000 seasonally adjusted annual rate and are down 10% compared to June 2024. The multifamily sector, which includes apartment buildings and condos, increased 30% to an annualized 438,000 pace. Single-family building conditions continued to weaken in June as housing affordability challenges caused builder traffic to move lower as buyers moved to the sidelines. Rising levels of resale inventory are also a headwind for the industry. Single-family home building in the South is down 12.4% on a year-to-date basis, far outpacing declines in the Northeast and the West. However, single-family home building is up 10% on a year-to-date basis in the Midwest, where housing affordability conditions are generally better than much of the nation. On a regional and year-to-date basis, combined single-family and multifamily starts were 28.8% higher in the Northeast, 13.1% higher in the Midwest, 8.1% lower in the South and 0.6% lower in the West. Overall permits increased 0.2% to a 1.40-million-unit annualized rate in June. Single-family permits decreased 3.7% to an 866,000-unit rate and are down 8.4% compared to June 2024. Multifamily permits increased 7.3% to a 531,000 pace. Looking at regional permit data on a year-to-date basis, permits were 16.9% lower in the Northeast, 8.2% higher in the Midwest, 3.3% lower in the South and 3.7% lower in the West. The declines for single-family home building have caused the number of single-family homes under construction to level off. There are currently 622,000 single-family homes under construction, which is 6% lower than a year ago. The number of apartments under construction in June, 739,000, is 18.8% lower than a year ago. Discover more from Eye On Housing Subscribe to get the latest posts sent to your email.

Single-Family Starts Weaken in June as Affordability Challenges Persist2025-07-18T08:23:20-05:00
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